The Second Temple (Heb. Beit HaMikdash HaSheini) is the rebuilt version of the temple in Jerusalem and stood from 516 BCE until 70 CE. The temple was the center of worship to the Jews and they made three pilgrimages there a year to make sacrifices (Korbanot), during the Shalosh Regalim, Lit. 3 Legs.
When the Romans came, King Herod the Great made massive renovations to the temple.
In the year 66CE, the Jews rebelled, and as a retaliation, the Romans razed the Temple. The arch of Titus, made to celebrate Titus' victory, depicts the Romans carrying of the golden Menorah. The rest of Jerusalem was razed in 138 CE during the Bar-Kochba Revolt.